New Arrivals from Gardens in the Wood

Water beading on Alchemilla mollis (Lady's Mantle).  You can see why alchemists thought water collected from this plant had extra purity and magical properties. Photo by RayMorris1. 

I've been adding an awful lot of perennials to the garden this spring, and the arrival of a couple of boxes of plants from Gardens in the Wood of Grassy Creek (GITWOGC) concludes this spring's buying spree.

(I have still some seeds to sow, but those are all annuals, though some of them - like Cosmos - will hopefully return from year to year through self-sowing.)

Here are the plants I ordered from GITWOGC:

- Alchemilla mollis, Lady's Mantle, hoping to use this as a groundcover in a morning-sun, afternoon-shade sort of spot. This plant has a really interesting history in terms of the magical properties ascribed to the water that collects on Alchemilla's leaves after a rain or from the morning dew. Some sources say the root and young leaves are edible, but I have not tried it myself. The plant, which is actually in the Rose family, is supposed to self-sow vigorously.

- Aquilegia canadensis and Aquilegia vulgaris, Columbines - A. canadensis is a North American native, whereas A. vulgaris is native to Europe. Both are supposed to self sow.

- Dianthus barbatus "Heart Attack" - Despite its name, the "Heart Attack" variety of Sweet William reportedly lives longer than most Dianthus varieties. Many Dianthus are known for behaving like biennials, but some online reviewers report "Heart Attack" living for more than 15 years.

Helianthus microcephalus, Small-headed Sunflower, "Lemon Queen". This is a perennial sunflower and native to the Southeast, including Tennessee. Photo by Sericea.

- Helianthus microcephalus, Small-headed Sunflower, "Lemon Queen" - It doesn't look like much at the moment, but this plant is supposed to grow 5-8 feet tall and have flowers from late summer to early autumn. I believe the birds are supposed to enjoy the seeds quite a bit. Hopefully the bees and butterflies will like the flowers too. The Small-headed Sunflower is native to Tennessee and is reportedly drought tolerant.

- Penstemon digitalis "Husker's Red" - Native to much of the U.S. (including Tennessee), "Husker's Red" is supposed to be a good plant for attracting bees, butterflies and birds. Although it is drought tolerant, I believe it prefers a well-drained soil, so I'm not sure how it will perform on our heavy clay, but it is supposed to self-sow prolifically so hopefully I will have volunteers even if I lose the original plants.

- Penstemon strictus -Various online sources call this one of the easiest penstemons to grow. Supposedly it is very drought tolerant and also able to draw a crowd of bees and hummingbirds.

- Sedum tectractinum, Chinese Stonecrop - So I've been going a little nuts lately with adding sedums to the garden, but this one sounded too good to pass up. I've got a sunny, bare, windy area by one of the corners of the house. I'll probably plant some seeds there for zinnias and cosmos soon, but I'd also love to have more tough perennials holding down the fort there. Sedum tectractinum sounds like it should fit the bill. Hardy to at least zone 5 (maybe as far as zone 3) and evergreen with a groundcover habit growing to only 4-inches tall and spreading to more than 12-inches in diameter. A drought-tolerant full sun groundcover that can be easily propagated through division in springtime? Sounds too good to be true.

- Verbascum phoeniceum. Mullein, "Violetta" - I'm totally enamored with the photos of the flowers that I've seen on this plant online. Hardy to zone 5 and drought resistant, Verbascums have a reputation for self-sowing vigorously.

Vernonia noveboracensis, Ironweed, another native plant that is supposedly beloved by bees and butterflies. Photo by Gordilly.

- Vernonia noveboracensis, Ironweed - Here's another plant that is native to much of the Eastern U.S., including Tennessee. Hardy to zone 4 and tolerant of full sun, drought, heat and humidity? That's the reputation of this plant that is supposed to be long-lived and tough as a weed. Still, it's got its tender side too -- Ironweed is reportedly a magnet for bees and butterflies.

Expert Interview #2 - Kirk Shillinglaw, Prairie Nursery

Monarch butterfly and bee on Prairie Blazingstar, photo by Rachel Ford James

As I mentioned when interviewing Ira Wallace of Southern Exposure Seed Exchange, my hope with GardenofAaron.com is to share not only my own limited knowledge and experience with gardening, but also to bring you the views, opinions and wisdom from authorities in the field.

For that reason, I’m honored to be able to present an interview with Kirk Shillinglaw, VP of Sales and Marketing at Prairie Nursery. Although Kirk carries a businessperson’s title, he assured me that he was formerly seed division manager at Prairie Nursery, which means that he is well acquainted with the virtues of various prairie and native plants.

GardenofAaron.com:  Tell me what makes Prairie Nursery different from other plant nurseries and seed catalogs.

Kirk Shillinglaw: We were one of the first nurseries to use native perennials in landscaping. In fact, we just celebrated our 40^th anniversary in business, which makes us one of the oldest – if not the oldest – native plant nurseries.

In addition, we have very high quality seed and plants. All the seed we sell is lab-tested for quality and viability, and we hand-grade all our plants. 

And we have something for  just about any soil type or condition. Our annual sales reports show that we have customers in all 48 contiguous states. In the Southeast, many of our customers are located in North Carolina and Tennessee.

GardenofAaron.com: Why should gardeners consider using native plants in their landscapes?

Shillinglaw: If you choose the right plants that fit your soil and sunlight conditions, then native plants will be naturally adapted to the local conditions. Natives are generally hardy and disease-resistant plants. They often attract birds and butterflies by serving as a natural source of seed and food for pollinators. They are typically low-maintenance and many of them have good drought tolerance. While some natives do naturally experience a certain degree of insect predation, they’re generally less likely than exotic plants to get absolutely mauled by insects, which means that usually gardeners do not need to resort to insecticides to keep a plant alive and healthy.

GardenofAaron.com: Where I garden in Tennessee, the soil is mostly clay. Many other gardeners in the Southeast and elsewhere in the U.S. garden on clay soils. What sort of plants would you recommend for them?

Shillinglaw: We actually have a strong line of clay plants that we call Clay Busters. The great thing about using these plants is that you don’t have to amend the soil.

GardenofAaron.com: Really? You don’t have to amend your clay soil at all before planting these Clay Busters?

Shillinglaw: Well, we suggest removing competing vegetation to reduce some competition at the start. If you plant a native plant into a patch of quack grass, it will have a tough time getting established. So give the plants an even playing field, dig a hole, loosen the roots of the potted plant, ensure that you have some loose soil at the bottom of the hole and then tuck the plant in. You do need to give the plant some water in its first few weeks until it gets established so that it can get its roots into the soil.

GardenofAaron.com: So which of the Clay Busters would you specifically suggest for someone like myself gardening in a sunny patch of Tennessee clay?

Shillinglaw: One of the most commonly and frequently used clay plants is the Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea). Another popular one is Prairie Blazingstar (Liatris pycnostachya). Those are two of the most well-known native prairie plants.

Another plant that can work well in clay is Rattlesnake Master (Eryngium yuccifolium), which has a really unusual and unique appearance.

And one of my favorites is the New England Aster (Aster novae-angliae), which in Tennessee might bloom through November.

In moist clay, Ironweed (Vernonia fasciculate) can be a good choice if you’re looking for a tall plant [4-6 feet].

Butterfly on Rattlesnake Master, photo by sfgamchick

GardenofAaron.com: You said Ironweed is good for moist clay. What if you have clay soil like mine that is moist after one of our strong rainstorms and slow to dry, but then bakes like concrete in hot, dry weather? And what if you want a plant that can take drought without a lot (if any) of supplemental water?

Shillinglaw: In that case, you want to look for plants like Yellow Coneflower (Ratibida pinnata) and Black Eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) that are listed in our catalog or on our website as doing well in any kind of soil – Dry, Medium or Moist. The plants that have that description will generally be more cosmopolitan and adaptable with regards to soil moisture. Note that Black Eyed Susan is a biennial, but does self-sow on bare ground, and the vast majority of our plants are perennials that you can plant once and that will come back year after year.

GardenofAaron.com: Changing topics a little, do you grow your own plants?

Shillinglaw: We do grow approximately 95% of the potted plants we sell in our own greenhouse. Much of our seed is also produced on site.  

GardenofAaron.com: I am trying to do some of my planting in autumn this year (as opposed to this year and last year when I planted in springtime). How do you feel about autumn planting in Tennessee or elsewhere in the Southeast?

Shillinglaw: Planting in fall can be a good idea to help plants get established and put down roots so that they grow a bit more strongly next spring. While most spring transplants will still bloom their first year in the ground, you’re more likely to get blooms the following year on a fall transplant. Our autumn shipping season runs from mid-September to mid-October, although we will ship a little later to Southern areas on request. For large orders, we can sometimes make exceptions and ship outside of this time frame.

GardenofAaron.com: What are your recommendations when it comes to fertilizing native plants?

Shillinglaw: Generally, there is no need to fertilize native plants. In fact, we find that adding fertilizers may actually tip the balance in favor of competitive weeds. Of course, like anything that is green and growing, if you have a plant that is looking really poor, you might want to add a balanced fertilizer, but generally there is no need to fertilize with native plants.

GardenofAaron.com: So in the Southeast, where we have a lot of rainfall, but we alternate between periods of heavy rain and drought, would you suggest looking mainly at plants listed as tolerating dry to moist conditions?

Shillinglaw: Well, it depends on soil type. I know quite a few people garden on clay in the Southeast, but if you have a sandy soil, you’re more likely to lose moisture quickly even after a heavy rain. In that situation, plants that we have categorized as suitable for Dry, Sandy & Rocky Soils would be most suitable.

GardenofAaron.com: What plants would you recommend for shade or partial shade on clay soil?

Shillinglaw: Well, Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) is one good option. Another good choice might be Sweet Joe Pye Weed (Eupatorium purpureum). Wild Ginger (Asarum canadense) is a tremendous groundcover for shady or partially shady areas on clay soil. Even a few of the woodland asters, like the Heart Leaved Aster (Aster cordifolious) and the Big Leaf Aster (Aster macrophyllus), can do well in clay and partial shade.

Wild Ginger (Asarum canadense), photo by gardentrek

GardenofAaron.com: Speaking of groundcovers, any suggestions in that area?

Shillinglaw: We don’t really carry any vines that would rapidly cover an area, but almost any of our ferns has the potential to spread and attain good coverage. Stiff Coreopsis (Coreopsis palmata) can also spread and function as a groundcover. And then there’s Wild Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum), which can function as a groundcover. Another good option might be Palm Sedge (Carex mukingumensis), which has unique foliage that looks like the leaves of a palm tree.

GardenofAaron.com: Would you say that interest is growing in the U.S. in native, prairie plants?

Shillinglaw: I’d say that the market for purists or traditionalists looking to restore native prairie lands has stayed about the same size in recent years, but we do have more and more customers and potential customers who realize that native plants don’t have to look wild and weedy. A lot of native, prairie plants make excellent garden plants. Very few of these natives are aggressive, which means that they will mostly play well with others.

Also, pretty much everyone likes birds and butterflies, and so the fact that these plants often do a good job of attracting that sort of wildlife is a strong point in favor of the native prairie plants. Generally, I’d say they are becoming more mainstream and more accepted by landscape designers and customers.

GardenofAaron.com: Presumably a lot of the native plants are also attractive to bees and hummingbirds?

Shillinglaw: Absolutely, bees love plants like Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa), which is commonly known as Bee Balm. And Columbine (Aquilegia Canadensis) is an excellent hummingbird plant. Our catalog and website has icons showing which plants are best for attracting birds, hummingbirds and butterflies. And next year, we’re planning to add a bee icon to highlight plants that attract pollinators. We are working on that project with the Xerxes Society, which aims to protect pollinators.

GardenofAaron.com: Anything new that we can expect from Prairie Nursery down the road?

Shillinglaw: We have been building up the woodland species that we offer, for instance by increasing our selection of woodland ferns. And we are starting to look at offering a few native shrubs, for instance plants like Elderberry. So that’s something to keep an eye on for next year.

Thanks to Kirk at Prairie Nursery for these insights!

It’s almost fall planting season at GardenofAaron.com. So stay tuned for photos and play-by-play on some of the big changes coming to the garden!

Have you ever ordered from Prairie Nursery? 

Do you have any native and/or prairie plants in your garden and, if so, how have they fared? 

Please share your experiences in the Comments field below.